A system identifier is a document processing construct introduced in the HyTime markup language as a supplement to SGML. It was subsequently incorporated into the HTML and XML markup languages.
In HyTime, there are two kinds of system identifier: formal system identifier (FSI) and simple system identifier.
In HTML and XML, a system identifier is a fragmentless URI reference. It typically occurs in a Document Type Declaration. In this context, it is intended to identify a document type which is used exclusively in one application, whereas a public identifier is meant to identify a document type that may span more than one application.
In the following example, the system identifier is the text contained within quotes:
<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">